[ { "id": "amsterdamer-wisselbank-1609", "title": "Amsterdam gründet 1609 die Wisselbank gegen das Münzchaos", "sources": [ { "url": "https://isgeschiedenis.nl/longreads/de-amsterdamse-wisselbank-1609-1820", "title": "De Amsterdamse Wisselbank (1609–1820) (Lodewijk Petram)", "publisher": "IsGeschiedenis" }, { "url": "https://www.dnb.nl/media/b11ekie2/wp_696.pdf", "title": "Stablecoin? The Bank of Amsterdam and the governance of money (Frost, Shin, Wierts; Working Paper No. 696)", "publisher": "De Nederlandsche Bank" }, { "url": "https://beursgeschiedenis.nl/en/all-moments/bank-of-amsterdam/", "title": "The Bank of Amsterdam", "publisher": "Beursgeschiedenis" }, { "url": "http://www.its.caltech.edu/~rosentha/events/QuinnRoberds.pdf", "title": "How Amsterdam got Fiat Money (Quinn, Roberds; Arbeitspapier)", "publisher": "California Institute of Technology (Tagungsseite)" } ] }, { "id": "b-money-1998", "title": "b-money beschreibt Geld, das aus Rechenarbeit entsteht", "sources": [ { "url": "https://nakamotoinstitute.org/library/b-money/", "title": "b-money", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto Institute" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wei_Dai", "title": "Wei Dai", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf", "title": "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", "publisher": "bitcoin.org" } ] }, { "id": "bitcoin-cash-2017", "title": "Der Streit um die Blockgröße spaltet Bitcoin", "sources": [ { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitcoin_Cash", "title": "Bitcoin Cash", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://www.theregister.com/2017/08/08/bitcoin_core_fork_cryptocurrency/", "title": "For fork's sake! Bitcoin Core braces for another cryptocurrency split", "publisher": "The Register" }, { "url": "https://www.irs.gov/pub/irs-wd/202114020.pdf", "title": "Chief Counsel Advice Memorandum 202114020: Bitcoin (BTC)/Bitcoin Cash (BCH) Hard Fork", "publisher": "Internal Revenue Service, Office of Chief Counsel" } ] }, { "id": "bitcoin-pizza-2010", "title": "Zwei Pizzen für 10.000 Bitcoin", "sources": [ { "url": "https://bitcointalk.org/index.php?topic=137.0", "title": "Pizza for bitcoins? (Forenthread)", "publisher": "Bitcointalk" }, { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Laszlo_Hanyecz", "title": "Laszlo Hanyecz", "publisher": "Bitcoin Wiki" }, { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/news/happy-bitcoin-pizza-day-16th-anniversary", "title": "Happy Bitcoin Pizza Day, The 16th Anniversary", "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine" }, { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/learn/what-is-bitcoin-pizza-day", "title": "What Is Bitcoin Pizza Day?", "publisher": "CoinDesk" } ] }, { "id": "bitcoin-whitepaper-2008", "title": "Das Bitcoin-Whitepaper erscheint auf einer Mailingliste", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.metzdowd.com/pipermail/cryptography/2008-October/014810.html", "title": "Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper (Archiv der Cryptography Mailing List)", "publisher": "Cryptography Mailing List" }, { "url": "https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/1/", "title": "Satoshi Nakamoto: Bitcoin P2P e-cash paper", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto Institute" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/en/bitcoin-paper", "title": "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", "publisher": "bitcoin.org" } ] }, { "id": "dao-hack-2016", "title": "Der Angriff auf The DAO spaltet Ethereum in zwei Ketten", "sources": [ { "url": "https://blog.ethereum.org/2016/06/17/critical-update-re-dao-vulnerability", "title": "CRITICAL UPDATE Re: DAO Vulnerability", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" }, { "url": "https://ethereum.org/videos/dao-hack-ethereum-classic", "title": "The DAO hack and the birth of Ethereum Classic", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" }, { "url": "https://ethereumclassic.org/why-classic", "title": "Why Classic?", "publisher": "Ethereum Classic" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2017-131", "title": "SEC Issues Investigative Report Concluding DAO Tokens Were Securities", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" } ] }, { "id": "digicash-erste-zahlung-1994", "title": "DigiCash verschickt die erste elektronische Barzahlung", "sources": [ { "url": "https://chaum.com/ecash/", "title": "eCash — Zeitleiste von DigiCash", "publisher": "David Chaum" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecash", "title": "Ecash", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Chaum", "title": "David Chaum", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://www.semar.de/ws/publikationen/1997_Electronic_Commerce_Semar_Goerke.pdf", "title": "Electronic Commerce: Konzepte, Standards und Entwicklung von interaktiven Transaktionsformen im Internet (Bericht 82-97)", "publisher": "Universität Konstanz, Informationswissenschaft" }, { "url": "https://ec.europa.eu/newsroom/cef/items/658303", "title": "The story of Digicash and its eCash", "publisher": "Europäische Kommission" }, { "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_18", "title": "Crossref-Datensatz zu 10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_18 — Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments", "publisher": "Crossref" }, { "url": "https://api.semanticscholar.org/graph/v1/paper/DOI:10.1007/978-1-4757-0602-4_18?fields=title,year,venue,publicationVenue,externalIds,publicationDate,journal", "title": "Blind Signatures for Untraceable Payments — bibliografischer Datensatz", "publisher": "Semantic Scholar (Allen Institute for AI)" } ] }, { "id": "dukat-venedig-1284", "title": "Venedig beschließt 1284 den Golddukaten, der bis 1797 geprägt wird", "sources": [ { "url": "http://numismatics.org/digitallibrary/ark:/53695/nnan28786", "title": "The Venetian gold ducat and its imitations", "publisher": "American Numismatic Society" }, { "url": "https://www.peopleinmotion-costaction.org/2021/04/28/trade-wars-and-counterfeiting-in-the-mediterranean-the-zecchino-of-venice-and-the-imitations-and-counterfeits-issued-by-the-republics-rivals-in-a-ruthless-trade-war-giorgio-giacosa/", "title": "Trade wars and counterfeiting in the Mediterranean: the zecchino of Venice (Giorgio Giacosa)", "publisher": "People in Motion (COST Action)" }, { "url": "https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/munro5/MONEYLEC.htm", "title": "Money and Coinage in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Vorlesungsunterlagen, John Munro)", "publisher": "University of Toronto, Department of Economics" }, { "url": "https://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2015/09/venetian-ducat.html", "title": "Venetian Ducat", "publisher": "Encyclopedia of Money" }, { "url": "https://www.bundesbank.de/en/bundesbank/numismatics/selected-objects/let-this-be-given-to-you-o-christ-616358", "title": "The ducat of Venice („Let this be given to you, O Christ“)", "publisher": "Deutsche Bundesbank" } ] }, { "id": "el-salvador-bitcoin-2021", "title": "El Salvador macht Bitcoin zum gesetzlichen Zahlungsmittel", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.infobae.com/el-salvador/2026/09/07/el-salvador-cumple-cinco-anos-de-la-ley-bitcoin-con-una-adopcion-cotidiana-limitada/", "title": "El Salvador cumple cinco años de la Ley Bitcoin con una adopción cotidiana limitada", "publisher": "Infobae" }, { "url": "https://www.americasquarterly.org/article/in-el-salvador-bitcoins-retreat-left-valuable-lessons/", "title": "In El Salvador, Bitcoin's Retreat Left Valuable Lessons", "publisher": "Americas Quarterly" }, { "url": "https://reason.com/2025/02/03/el-salvador-walks-back-its-bitcoin-law/", "title": "El Salvador Walks Back Its Bitcoin Law", "publisher": "Reason" }, { "url": "https://gigazine.net/gsc_news/en/20250204-el-salvador-bitcoin-reform-imf/", "title": "El Salvador removes Bitcoin as legal tender to receive IMF loan", "publisher": "GIGAZINE" }, { "url": "https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asamblea-reforma-ley-bitcoin-y-elimina-la-obligacion-de-aceptar-pagos-con-la-criptomoneda", "title": "Asamblea reforma Ley Bitcoin y elimina la obligación de aceptar pagos con la criptomoneda", "publisher": "Diario El Mundo" }, { "url": "https://www.elsalvador.com/h-noticias/h-negocios/bitcoin-fmi-asamblea-el-salvador/1200548/2025/", "title": "Cambios clave a la Ley Bitcoin serán efectivos en mayo", "publisher": "El Diario de Hoy (elsalvador.com)" }, { "url": "https://www.elsalvador.com/h-noticias/h-nacional/bitcoin-asamblea-gobierno-economia-criptomonedas/1197039/2025/", "title": "Asamblea aprueba reforma a Ley Bitcoin, ¿cuáles son los cambios?", "publisher": "El Diario de Hoy (elsalvador.com)" } ] }, { "id": "ethereum-frontier-2015", "title": "Ethereum geht mit einer Blockchain in Betrieb, die Programme ausführt", "sources": [ { "url": "https://blog.ethereum.org/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches", "title": "Ethereum Launches (Blog der Ethereum Foundation)", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" }, { "url": "https://www.coindesk.com/markets/2015/07/30/ethereum-launches-long-awaited-decentralized-app-network", "title": "Ethereum Launches Long-Awaited Decentralized App Network", "publisher": "CoinDesk" }, { "url": "https://ethereum.org/ethereum-forks/", "title": "Timeline of all Ethereum forks (ethereum.org)", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethereum", "title": "Ethereum", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://blog.ethereum.org/2014/07/22/launching-the-ether-sale", "title": "Launching the Ether Sale (Blog der Ethereum Foundation)", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" } ] }, { "id": "ethereum-merge-2022", "title": "Ethereum stellt auf Proof-of-Stake um und senkt seinen Stromverbrauch", "sources": [ { "url": "https://ethereum.org/en/roadmap/merge/", "title": "The Merge", "publisher": "Ethereum Foundation" }, { "url": "https://decrypt.co/109848/ethereum-energy-carbon-footprint-down-99-percent-merge", "title": "Ethereum Energy Usage, Carbon Footprint Down 99.99% After Merge: Report", "publisher": "Decrypt" }, { "url": "https://digiconomist.net/ethereum-energy-consumption", "title": "Ethereum Energy Consumption Index", "publisher": "Digiconomist" } ] }, { "id": "fiorino-doro-florenz-1252", "title": "Florenz prägt 1252 den fiorino d’oro, eine Goldmünze für den Fernhandel", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.britnumsoc.org/images/Annual_BNJ/2021v91/05%20Day%201893%20Final.pdf", "title": "Florentine gold florins and merchant-bankers in thirteenth-century England (British Numismatic Journal 91, 2021)", "publisher": "British Numismatic Society" }, { "url": "https://www.histecon.magd.cam.ac.uk/coins_april2013.html", "title": "Florins and ducats: the return of gold to Europe (Coin of the month, April 2013)", "publisher": "Magdalene College Cambridge, Centre for History and Economics" }, { "url": "https://www.economics.utoronto.ca/munro5/MONEYLEC.htm", "title": "Money and Coinage in Late Medieval and Early Modern Europe (Vorlesungsunterlagen, John Munro)", "publisher": "University of Toronto, Department of Economics" }, { "url": "https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Florin", "title": "Florin (Encyclopædia Britannica, 11. Auflage 1911)", "publisher": "Wikisource" } ] }, { "id": "ftx-2022", "title": "Die Kryptobörse FTX bricht zusammen", "sources": [ { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2022/11/11/ftx-files-for-bankruptcy-ceo-sam-bankman-fried-steps-down/", "title": "FTX files for bankruptcy, CEO Sam Bankman-Fried steps down", "publisher": "TechCrunch" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2022-219", "title": "SEC Charges Samuel Bankman-Fried with Defrauding Investors in Crypto Asset Trading Platform FTX", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" }, { "url": "https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/8638-22", "title": "CFTC Charges Sam Bankman-Fried, FTX Trading and Alameda with Fraud", "publisher": "U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission" }, { "url": "https://www.abajournal.com/web/article/bankman-fried-faces-criminal-and-civil-charges-for-alleged-1-8b-fraud-at-ftx-trading", "title": "FTX founder faces criminal and civil charges for alleged $1.8B fraud at FTX Trading", "publisher": "ABA Journal (American Bar Association)" } ] }, { "id": "genesis-block-2009", "title": "Der erste Block der Bitcoin-Blockchain entsteht", "sources": [ { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Genesis_block", "title": "Genesis block", "publisher": "Bitcoin Wiki" }, { "url": "https://www.blockchain.com/explorer/blocks/btc/0", "title": "Bitcoin Block 0", "publisher": "Blockchain.com Explorer" }, { "url": "https://satoshi.nakamotoinstitute.org/emails/cryptography/16/", "title": "Satoshi Nakamoto: Bitcoin v0.1 released", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto Institute" } ] }, { "id": "genius-act-2025", "title": "GENIUS Act: Die USA regeln Stablecoins 2025 per Bundesgesetz", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/PLAW-119publ27/html/PLAW-119publ27.htm", "title": "Public Law 119-27 — GENIUS Act (Gesetzestext)", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (GovInfo)" }, { "url": "https://www.gtlaw.com/en/insights/2025/7/genius-act-enacted-establishing-a-regulatory-framework-for-payment-stablecoins-issued-or-sold-in-the-united-states", "title": "GENIUS Act Enacted, Establishing a Regulatory Framework for Payment Stablecoins Issued or Sold in the United States", "publisher": "Greenberg Traurig" }, { "url": "https://www.lw.com/en/insights/the-genius-act-of-2025-stablecoin-legislation-adopted-in-the-us", "title": "The GENIUS Act of 2025: Stablecoin Legislation Adopted in the US", "publisher": "Latham & Watkins" }, { "url": "https://www.cov.com/news-and-insights/insights/2025/07/the-genius-act-becomes-law-key-provisions-from-the-federal-stablecoin-regulatory-framework", "title": "The GENIUS Act Becomes Law: Key Provisions from the Federal Stablecoin Regulatory Framework", "publisher": "Covington & Burling" }, { "url": "https://www.cnn.com/2025/07/17/politics/genius-act-cryptocurrency-bill-house", "title": "House sends first-of-its-kind cryptocurrency legislation to Trump’s desk after conservative revolt briefly delayed it", "publisher": "CNN" } ] }, { "id": "haber-stornetta-zeitstempel-1991", "title": "Haber und Stornetta verketten digitale Zeitstempel", "sources": [ { "url": "https://api.crossref.org/works/10.1007/BF00196791", "title": "Crossref-Datensatz zu 10.1007/BF00196791 — How to time-stamp a digital document", "publisher": "Crossref" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf", "title": "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto (bitcoin.org)" }, { "url": "https://www.vice.com/en/article/what-was-the-first-blockchain/", "title": "The World’s Oldest Blockchain Has Been Hiding in the New York Times Since 1995", "publisher": "Vice (Motherboard)" }, { "url": "https://cacm.acm.org/research/bitcoins-academic-pedigree/", "title": "Bitcoin’s Academic Pedigree", "publisher": "Communications of the ACM" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W._Scott_Stornetta", "title": "W. Scott Stornetta", "publisher": "Wikipedia" } ] }, { "id": "hashcash-1997", "title": "Hashcash macht Rechenzeit zum Briefporto", "sources": [ { "url": "https://bitcoinmagazine.com/technical/genesis-files-hashcash-or-how-adam-back-designed-bitcoins-motor-block", "title": "The Genesis Files: Hashcash Or How Adam Back Designed Bitcoin’s Motor Block", "publisher": "Bitcoin Magazine" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashcash", "title": "Hashcash", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://nakamotoinstitute.org/library/hashcash/", "title": "Hashcash — A Denial of Service Counter-Measure", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto Institute" }, { "url": "https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf", "title": "Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System", "publisher": "Satoshi Nakamoto (bitcoin.org)" } ] }, { "id": "jiaozi-papiergeld-1024", "title": "Sichuans jiaozi-Scheine werden zu staatlichem Papiergeld", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.hoover.org/research/rise-and-demise-paper-money-imperial-china", "title": "The Rise and Demise of Paper Money in Imperial China", "publisher": "Hoover Institution" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiaozi_(currency)", "title": "Jiaozi (currency)", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://www.worldhistory.org/article/1120/paper-in-ancient-china/", "title": "Paper in Ancient China", "publisher": "World History Encyclopedia" } ] }, { "id": "joachimsthaler-1520", "title": "Die Grafen Schlick prägen ab 1520 in Joachimsthal den Taler", "sources": [ { "url": "https://english.radio.cz/predecessor-us-dollar-minted-500-years-ago-jachymov-8111166", "title": "Predecessor of US dollar minted 500 years ago in Jáchymov (Ruth Fraňková)", "publisher": "Radio Prague International" }, { "url": "https://nds.museum-digital.de/object/79774", "title": "Guldiner Herzog Sigismunds von Tirol", "publisher": "Museum August Kestner (museum-digital:niedersachsen)" }, { "url": "https://schneeberg.org/deutsch/geschichte/tiroler-taler-_erste-praegung_/", "title": "Tiroler Taler (erste Prägung)", "publisher": "Landesmuseum Bergbau Schneeberg" }, { "url": "https://www.moneymuseum.com/en/moneymuseum/archive/the-most-beautiful-coins?id=456", "title": "Guldengroschen 1519 (Stephan Schlick)", "publisher": "MoneyMuseum Zürich" }, { "url": "https://www.etymonline.com/word/dollar", "title": "dollar (n.)", "publisher": "Online Etymology Dictionary" } ] }, { "id": "kipper-und-wipperzeit-1618", "title": "Die Kipper- und Wipperzeit entwertet ab 1618/19 das Geld im Reich", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.leo-bw.de/en/themenmodul/dreissigjaehriger-krieg/auswirkungen/kipper-und-wipperzeit", "title": "Die Kipper- und Wipperzeit (Senta Herkle, Marius Wieandt)", "publisher": "Landesarchiv Baden-Württemberg, LEO-BW" }, { "url": "https://www.bundesbank.de/resource/blob/616858/c9f00b1c6b274b002a213de7bb02b964/mL/the-german-economic-crisis-of-1618-to-1623-data.pdf", "title": "The German economic crisis of 1618 to 1623 (the Kipper and Wipper period)", "publisher": "Deutsche Bundesbank, Geldmuseum" }, { "url": "https://www.coingallery.de/Texte/Zeit_der_Kipper_und_Wipper.htm", "title": "Die Zeit der Kipper und Wipper (1618–1623) (Richard Gaettens, Inflationen, 2. Aufl. 1955, Auszug)", "publisher": "coingallery.de" }, { "url": "https://www.muenzkurier.de/muenz-und-edelmetall-lexikon/kipper-und-wipperzeit/", "title": "Kipper- und Wipperzeit", "publisher": "Münzkurier" }, { "url": "https://www.historisches-lexikon-bayerns.de/Lexikon/W%C3%A4hrung_(bis_1800)", "title": "Währung (bis 1800)", "publisher": "Historisches Lexikon Bayerns (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek)" } ] }, { "id": "medici-bank-1397", "title": "Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici verlegt 1397 seine Bank nach Florenz", "sources": [ { "url": "https://encyclopedia-of-money.blogspot.com/2010/04/medici-bank.html", "title": "Medici Bank", "publisher": "Encyclopedia of Money" }, { "url": "https://www.italyonthisday.com/2026/02/giovanni-di-bicci-de-medici-banker.html", "title": "Giovanni di Bicci de’ Medici – banker", "publisher": "Italy On This Day" }, { "url": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/medici-house", "title": "Medici, House of", "publisher": "Encyclopedia.com (Gale)" }, { "url": "https://www.palladiummag.com/2025/11/07/the-medici-method/", "title": "The Medici Method", "publisher": "Palladium Magazine" } ] }, { "id": "mica-anwendbar-2024", "title": "Die EU-Verordnung über Kryptowerte wird vollständig anwendbar", "sources": [ { "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32023R1114", "title": "Verordnung (EU) 2023/1114 über Märkte für Kryptowerte, Artikel 149 (EUR-Lex)", "publisher": "Europäische Union" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markets_in_Crypto-Assets", "title": "Markets in Crypto-Assets", "publisher": "Wikipedia" }, { "url": "https://www.esma.europa.eu/esmas-activities/digital-finance-and-innovation/markets-crypto-assets-regulation-mica", "title": "Markets in Crypto-Assets Regulation (MiCA) — ESMA", "publisher": "Europäische Union" }, { "url": "https://www.bafin.de/SharedDocs/Veroeffentlichungen/DE/Fachartikel/2024/fa_bj_0701_MiCAR.html", "title": "Neue Spielregeln für einen neuen Markt", "publisher": "BaFin" } ] }, { "id": "ming-baochao-1375", "title": "Die Ming-Dynastie gibt um 1375 das baochao aus, ein Papiergeld ohne Einlösung", "sources": [ { "url": "https://depts.washington.edu/silkroad/exhibit/ming/k137589.html", "title": "Paper currency, one guan note (Ming era, circa 1375 CE)", "publisher": "University of Washington, Silk Road Seattle" }, { "url": "https://pure.uva.nl/ws/files/3372227/4439_UBA003000263_006.pdf", "title": "Arbitrage, China, and World Trade in the Early Modern Period (Kapitel)", "publisher": "Universiteit van Amsterdam" }, { "url": "https://www.hoover.org/sites/default/files/2025-02/The%20Rise%20and%20Demise%20of%20Paper%20Money%20in%20Imperial%20China.pdf", "title": "The Rise and Demise of Paper Money in Imperial China, 1000–1500", "publisher": "Hoover Institution" }, { "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/2412.10478", "title": "Re-examining the social impact of silver monetization in the Ming Dynasty", "publisher": "arXiv" }, { "url": "https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=5604", "title": "Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang Orders the Printing of a One Kuan Note", "publisher": "HistoryofInformation.com (Jeremy Norman)" }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/revista-de-historia-economica-journal-of-iberian-and-latin-american-economic-history/article/changing-significance-of-latin-american-silver-in-the-chinese-economy-16th19th-centuries/D3045EA55D654DCDCDCB3874E481A0B4", "title": "The changing significance of Latin American silver in the Chinese economy, 16th–19th centuries (Richard von Glahn)", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press, Revista de Historia Económica" }, { "url": "https://smarthistory.org/?p=56036", "title": "Ming banknote (Text des British Museum)", "publisher": "Smarthistory" } ] }, { "id": "mt-gox-2014", "title": "Mt. Gox meldet Insolvenz an — 850.000 Bitcoin fehlen", "sources": [ { "url": "https://techcrunch.com/2014/02/28/mt-gox-files-for-bankruptcy", "title": "Mt.Gox Files For Bankruptcy Protection, Says 850,000 Bitcoin Lost", "publisher": "TechCrunch" }, { "url": "https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Collapse_of_Mt._Gox", "title": "Collapse of Mt. Gox", "publisher": "Bitcoin Wiki" }, { "url": "https://www.fool.com/investing/general/2014/02/28/mt-gox-files-for-bankruptcy-protection-850000-bitc.aspx", "title": "Mt. Gox Files for Bankruptcy Protection; 850,000 Bitcoins Unaccounted For", "publisher": "The Motley Fool" }, { "url": "https://www.financemagnates.com/cryptocurrency/exchange/mtgox-hoax-continues-as-mysterious-document-surfaces-alleging-theft-of-750k-btc/", "title": "MtGox Hoax Continues? As Mysterious Document Surfaces Alleging Theft of 750K BTC", "publisher": "Finance Magnates" } ] }, { "id": "pacioli-summa-1494", "title": "Luca Pacioli druckt 1494 die erste Darstellung der doppelten Buchführung", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.icaew.com/library/library-collection/historical-accounting-literature/earliest-books-on-bookkeeping", "title": "The Earliest Books on Bookkeeping 1494 to 1683 (Hugh W. Thomson, 1963)", "publisher": "ICAEW Library" }, { "url": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/accounting-and-bookkeeping", "title": "Accounting and Bookkeeping", "publisher": "Encyclopedia.com (Gale)" }, { "url": "https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/summadearithmeti00paci", "title": "Su[m]ma de arithmetica geometria proportioni [et] proportionalita", "publisher": "Smithsonian Libraries" }, { "url": "https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=1711", "title": "Pacioli Issues \"Summa de arithmetica\", the First Great General Work on Mathematics", "publisher": "HistoryofInformation.com (Jeremy Norman)" }, { "url": "https://arxiv.org/pdf/1407.1898", "title": "On Double-Entry Bookkeeping: The Mathematical Treatment (David Ellerman)", "publisher": "arXiv" } ] }, { "id": "potosi-cerro-rico-1545", "title": "Am Cerro Rico von Potosí beginnt 1545 der Silberabbau", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.encyclopedia.com/places/latin-america-and-caribbean/south-american-political-geography/potosi", "title": "Potosí", "publisher": "Encyclopedia.com (Gale)" }, { "url": "https://commonplace.online/article/high-place-potosi/", "title": "The High Place: Potosi (John Demos)", "publisher": "Commonplace – The Journal of Early American Life" }, { "url": "https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2049/the-silver-of-the-conquistadors/", "title": "The Silver of the Conquistadors", "publisher": "World History Encyclopedia" }, { "url": "https://blogs.loc.gov/international-collections/2022/08/a-short-story-about-potosi-the-largest-south-american-silver-mine-in-the-librarys-collections-part-2-loclr-blogint/", "title": "A short story about Potosí, the largest South American silver mine, in the Library’s collections, Part 2", "publisher": "Library of Congress" }, { "url": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-review-of-social-history/article/women-in-the-silver-mines-of-potosi-rethinking-the-history-of-informality-and-precarity-sixteenth-to-eighteenth-centuries/DDD6EAB29255C2C34F189A6A83129200", "title": "Women in the Silver Mines of Potosí: Rethinking the History of “Informality” and “Precarity”", "publisher": "Cambridge University Press, International Review of Social History" } ] }, { "id": "ripple-urteil-2023", "title": "Ripple-Urteil: XRP ist je nach Verkauf Wertpapier oder nicht", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.nysd.uscourts.gov/sites/default/files/2023-07/SEC%20vs%20Ripple%207-13-23.pdf", "title": "Opinion and Order, SEC v. Ripple Labs Inc., No. 20 Civ. 10832 (AT), 13. Juli 2023", "publisher": "U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York" }, { "url": "https://www.cooley.com/news/insight/2023/2023-07-27-sdny-rules-ripples-xrp-token-was-and-was-not-a-security", "title": "SDNY Rules Ripple's XRP Token Was — and Was Not — a Security", "publisher": "Cooley LLP" }, { "url": "https://www.hklaw.com/en/insights/publications/2023/07/sec-v-ripple-when-a-security-is-not-a-security", "title": "SEC v. Ripple: When a Security Is Not a Security", "publisher": "Holland & Knight LLP" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/speeches-statements/crenshaw-statement-ripple-050825", "title": "Statement on the Agency's Settlement with Ripple Labs, Inc. (Caroline A. Crenshaw, Commissioner)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" }, { "url": "https://news.bloomberglaw.com/litigation/ripple-sec-drop-appeal-after-settlement-path-blocked-by-judge", "title": "Ripple, SEC Drop Appeal After Settlement Path Blocked by Judge", "publisher": "Bloomberg Law" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/enforcement-litigation/litigation-releases/lr-26369", "title": "Ripple Labs, Inc., Bradley Garlinghouse, and Christian A. Larsen (Litigation Release No. 26369)", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" } ] }, { "id": "rpow-finney-2004", "title": "RPOW: Hal Finney macht Hashcash-Token weitergebbar", "sources": [ { "url": "https://cryptome.org/rpow.htm", "title": "RPOW - Reusable Proofs of Work (Mail von Hal Finney an die Cypherpunks-Liste, 15.08.2004)", "publisher": "Cryptome" }, { "url": "https://slashdot.org/story/04/08/18/1345258/rpow---reusable-proofs-of-work", "title": "RPOW - Reusable Proofs of Work", "publisher": "Slashdot" }, { "url": "https://www.historyofbitcoin.io/timeline/reusable-work", "title": "Hal Finney's RPOW: Reusable Proof of Work (2004)", "publisher": "History of Bitcoin (Smashtoshi), Text von Aaron van Wirdum" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hal_Finney_(computer_scientist)", "title": "Hal Finney (computer scientist)", "publisher": "Wikipedia" } ] }, { "id": "sec-klage-ripple-2020", "title": "Die amerikanische Börsenaufsicht verklagt Ripple wegen unregistrierter Wertpapiere", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020-338", "title": "SEC Charges Ripple and Two Executives with Conducting $1.3 Billion Unregistered Securities Offering", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" }, { "url": "https://decrypt.co/78153/ripple-inside-the-sec-case-that-could-make-or-break-the-crypto-industry", "title": "SEC vs Ripple: Inside the Case That Could Make or Break the Crypto Industry", "publisher": "Decrypt" }, { "url": "https://sle.cooley.com/2021/03/11/sec-v-ripple/", "title": "SEC v. Ripple", "publisher": "Cooley LLP" } ] }, { "id": "spot-bitcoin-etf-2024", "title": "Die SEC lässt Bitcoin-Fonds an die Börse", "sources": [ { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/newsroom/speeches-statements/gensler-statement-spot-bitcoin-011023", "title": "Statement on the Approval of Spot Bitcoin Exchange-Traded Products", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" }, { "url": "https://www.aoshearman.com/en/insights/sec-approves-spot-bitcoin-etp-opening-new-pathway-to-bitcoin-investment", "title": "SEC approves Spot Bitcoin ETP, opening new pathway to Bitcoin investment", "publisher": "A&O Shearman" }, { "url": "https://www.omfif.org/2024/01/sec-grudgingly-approves-bitcoin-spot-etfs/", "title": "SEC grudgingly approves bitcoin spot ETFs", "publisher": "OMFIF" } ] }, { "id": "tulpenmanie-1637", "title": "Die Tulpenmanie bricht zusammen — und wird zur Legende", "sources": [ { "url": "https://theconversation.com/tulip-mania-the-classic-story-of-a-dutch-financial-bubble-is-mostly-wrong-91413", "title": "Tulip mania: the classic story of a Dutch financial bubble is mostly wrong", "publisher": "The Conversation" }, { "url": "https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/T/bo5414939.html", "title": "Tulipmania: Money, Honor, and Knowledge in the Dutch Golden Age", "publisher": "University of Chicago Press" }, { "url": "https://www.epochentaucher.de/europa/die-tulpenmanie-anatomie-des-ersten-grossen-boersencrashs/", "title": "Die Tulpenmanie — Anatomie des ersten großen Börsencrashs", "publisher": "EpochenTaucher" } ] }, { "id": "xrp-ledger-2012", "title": "Der XRP Ledger startet mit einer Währung, die niemand schürfen kann", "sources": [ { "url": "https://xrpl.org/about/history", "title": "History", "publisher": "XRPL.org" }, { "url": "https://www.sec.gov/files/litigation/complaints/2020/comp-pr2020-338.pdf", "title": "Complaint: Securities and Exchange Commission v. Ripple Labs Inc., Bradley Garlinghouse, and Christian A. Larsen", "publisher": "U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission" }, { "url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ripple_Labs", "title": "Ripple Labs", "publisher": "Wikipedia" } ] }, { "id": "yuan-zhongtong-chao-1260", "title": "Khubilai Khan gibt 1260 das zhongtong chao aus, Papiergeld mit Silberdeckung", "sources": [ { "url": "https://hummedia.manchester.ac.uk/schools/soss/economics/discussionpapers/EDP-2207.pdf", "title": "The Rise and Fall of Paper Money in Yuan China, 1260–1368 (Guan, Palma, Wu; Discussion Paper EDP-2207)", "publisher": "University of Manchester, Economics" }, { "url": "https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/6286110", "title": "Legitimacy and Use of Paper Money During the Reign of Kublai Khan (Coşkun, Murzaraimov)", "publisher": "bilig – Journal of Social Sciences of the Turkic World (DergiPark)" }, { "url": "https://museum.nbb.be/en/resources/banknote-chinese-invention", "title": "The banknote, a Chinese invention?", "publisher": "Museum der Nationalbank von Belgien" } ] } ]